Weak Protocol Theory: Closing the Gap in Theoretical Explanation of Corruption

Abstract

The existing criminological theories have not adequately provided explanation to corruption since most of them provide person-centred explanation of corruption. The objective of the present work is therefore to propound and present the “Weak Protocol Theory” as a middle-range, socio-structural oriented theory of corruption. Using deductive and introspective methods of theory building, it was propounded that weak protocols, in convergence with available resources, create opportunities and/or motivations that make corruption possible. It has this schema: corruption = weak rules + available resources. The elements of weak theory include a rule structure that is: vague; weakens checks and balances; discourages broad input in decision-making; encourages public policies and resources to be determined by socioeconomic power or political influence; and is more amenable to manipulation, exploitation, and wider discretion.